Nutrition & Metabolism

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Macronutrients Deep Dive

Protein

4 kcal/gram — builds and repairs muscle tissue, enzymes, hormones, immune cells.

0.8–2.2g/kg BW

Sources: chicken, eggs, fish, greek yogurt, legumes, whey

Deficiency: muscle wasting, edema, immune failure

Digestion speed: 1–4 hours

Carbohydrates

4 kcal/gram — primary fuel for brain and high-intensity exercise. Stored as glycogen (liver/muscle).

45–65% of calories

Sources: rice, oats, bread, fruit, potatoes, legumes

Deficiency: fatigue, brain fog, poor workout performance

Digestion speed: 30min–2 hours

Fats

9 kcal/gram — hormone production, fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK), cell membranes, long-duration fuel.

20–35% of calories

Sources: olive oil, avocado, nuts, fatty fish, eggs

Deficiency: hormonal issues, dry skin, vitamin deficiency

Digestion speed: 4–6+ hours

Energy Metabolism Pathways

Glycolysis → ATP

In fed state, glucose from carbohydrates enters glycolysis, producing pyruvate → acetyl-CoA → Krebs cycle → 36 ATP per glucose. Most efficient energy pathway.

Net: 36–38 ATP per glucoseAnaerobic: 2 ATP (fast)Aerobic: 36 ATP (slow)

Food Nutrition Database

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FoodCaloriesProtein (g)Carbs (g)Fat (g)Fiber (g)